In the formative years of television, long before the Civil Rights Movement gained momentum in the 1950s, African American entertainers were already making significant strides. Despite societal challenges, these pioneers laid the groundwork for future generations by hosting some of the earliest TV variety shows. Ethel Waters, a renowned blues singer and actress, became the first Black person to host a television show in 1939. Her program featured performances from her stage plays and collaborations with other Black actors. Following Waters' groundbreaking debut, several other Black entertainers, including Bob Howard, Willie Bryant, Hazel Scott, Billy Daniels, and Nat King Cole, took the helm of their own shows. These programs, though often short-lived, demonstrated the potential of Black talent on television and paved the way for greater representation in the entertainment industry.
The Journey of Black Hosts in Early Television
In the nascent era of broadcasting, during the late 1930s and early 1940s, television networks like NBC, CBS, and DuMont were experimenting with formats and content. In this period, Ethel Waters made history as the first African American to host a television show. Her program included segments from her theatrical performances and skits featuring other Black performers. This milestone occurred at a time when television was still finding its footing, and Waters' show was part of the network's efforts to explore new ideas. Though no recordings of her show exist today, it marked a significant moment in television history.
By the late 1940s and early 1950s, more Black hosts emerged. Bob Howard's show aired five days a week on CBS, while Willie Bryant hosted "Sugar Hill Times," which later became "Uptown Jubilee." Both programs showcased a mix of music and entertainment but faced challenges in securing long-term success. Hazel Scott, a classically trained musician, followed in Waters' footsteps by launching her own show in 1950. Known for her virtuosity and activism against racial discrimination, Scott's program blended jazz, classical, and blues music. However, her career was hindered by the Red Scare, leading to her blacklisting. Despite this setback, Scott's legacy inspired future Black hosts, including Billy Daniels, whose show secured sponsorship—a rarity for Black-led programs at the time.
The mid-1950s saw the arrival of "The Nat King Cole Show," a weekly primetime series that featured both Black and white guests. Although praised for its musical quality, the show struggled with sponsorship and was canceled after just one year. Nevertheless, it highlighted the ongoing challenges faced by Black entertainers in securing financial backing. The Civil Rights Movement brought renewed attention to Black-hosted shows, culminating in Ellis Hazlip's critically acclaimed "Soul!" in 1968. This public television series celebrated Black culture and creativity, securing funding from sources like the Ford Foundation. However, external pressures eventually led to its cancellation in 1973.
Despite the brevity of many of these shows, they left an indelible mark on television history, showcasing the immense talent and resilience of African American entertainers. Their pioneering efforts not only opened doors for future generations but also challenged the status quo of the entertainment industry.
From a journalist's perspective, the story of these early Black hosts is a testament to the power of perseverance and innovation. It underscores the importance of diversity and representation in media. While these shows faced numerous obstacles, they proved that Black talent deserved a place on television. Today, we can look back and appreciate the courage and vision of these trailblazers, who dared to challenge the norms of their time. Their contributions remind us of the ongoing need to support and uplift diverse voices in all forms of media.